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A confounding variable is a type of extraneous variable and it has an immediate impact on the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable. It can cause confusion in the results and making the reader believe that there is a cause and effect when there is not. A way to control an extraneous variable is through random sampling since it doesn’t eliminate any variables and ensures equality between subjects. Random sampling is imperative in the study results since the effect of the extraneous variable could be diminished if random sampling is not used.