psyc304 week 3 discussion

Many people wear glasses to compensate for the fact that the optical system of their eye does not focus a sharp image on the retinas. Once you have reviewed the videos below, discuss at least three of the disorders of focusing. Be sure that you are discussing the complete epigenetic origin which should include a discussion of the genetic/biological origin and the environment influence related to these disorders of focusing. Include in your discussion the impact of culture in the development of the optical system at various stages of the lifespan. Support your belief and use specific examples.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0DYP-u1rNM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YxffFmi4Eo

Minimum 300 words answer

Classmate#1:

Hello Class,

Happy Wednesday, I hope everyone is having a fantastic week! I like it when I can directly tie something that I’m learning with real-life experiences. I actually went to the eye doctor today to get my eyes reexamined because my prescription was too strong. I have type 2 Diabetes, and I have been able to get it under control, therefore my eyesight is better, and I needed an adjustment. So, this week’s lesson was very interesting to me.

Three of the disorders of focusing are Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Myopia is also known as short-sightedness, and this is when someone has a hard time seeing things far away. In fact, I suffer from myopia, and I started using glasses when I was 12-years-old. The reason why people have problems seeing things that are far away is because when light goes into the retina, it’s focused in the front of it, causing blurred images. Even though it’s unknown if myopia is hereditary there have been studies that show that people have an increased chance of having myopia if their parents have it. (Myopia, n.d.). The second eye disorder is hyperopia, also known as long-sightedness. Unlike myopia, people have trouble seeing objects that are up close. The cause of this is that the light focuses behind the retina, and as a direct result people experience blurred vision. There isn’t a pattern to hyperopia, and therefore it is unlikely that it is hereditary. The last disease is astigmatism, and this is caused by an irregular shape of the cornea. It can also be caused because the lens of the eye is tilted. Astigmatism can be hereditary, but it is mostly closely associated with someone who already has myopia, or hyperopia, like myself. As well as having myopia, I also have astigmatism. (Department of Health & Human Services, 2015)

When infants are born, they all have a form of myopia, and have problems seeing far away. However, their eyesight improves during their first months. From there people have different experiences when it comes to their eyesight, and I believe some of it has to do with their culture, and access to healthcare. I will use my mom as an example, she didn’t have healthcare while I was growing up. She never received the proper attention she needed for her eyes, and as she got older, she had more and more problems. Thankfully, she has glasses now, and doesn’t suffer from headaches like she used to. I think some people used to have problems wearing glasses, and they were afraid of being bullied. We have all probably seen movies, and shows where a kid with glasses is picked on, and called four eyes, or something to that effect. Lastly, as someone gets older, the worse their vision can get. This can cause issues and impede them from having a regular social life. If someone’s hearing is going out, like we learned last week, and then their eyesight added on top of that. This can cause psychological issues that can potentially lead to depression. Hope everyone has a great week, and good luck!

Sources:

Department of Health & Human Services. (2015, April 30). Eyes – common problems. Retrieved from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditi…

Myopia (Nearsightedness). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vi…

Classmate #2:

There are several different focusing disorders that can affect vision, and some focusing disorders can occur in conjunction with another focusing disorder. Farsightedness, nearsightedness, and astigmatism are three types of focusing disorders than effect vision. When light rays enter the eye, it should focus directly on the retina. Farsightedness is a focusing problem that occurs when light enters the eye and focuses behind the retina due to the shape of the person’s eyeball. People with farsightedness have either a decreased axial length, flattened cornea, decreased curvature, or increased thickness of lens. Farsightedness is usually present at birth, and people with this focusing disorder usually see better at far distances rather than at near.

Nearsightedness or myopia is a focusing disorder that causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This condition makes it difficult for people to see things far away but easier to see things very close up. This condition occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea and/or lens being too curved for the length of the eyeball.

Astigmatism is a third focusing disorder that is very common and usually hereditary. Astigmatism occurs when the eyeball isn’t perfectly round. With astigmatism, the cornea or lens is irregularly shaped, and the eyeball is shaped more like a football. With this condition, light entering the eye gets bent more in one direction than another causing objects to look blurry especially at a distance. The impact that culture has on vision perception is based off of learned experiences and the way that the brain fills in blanks based on those constructs. Two people can be looking at the same thing and see different things or focus in on different things and have two completely different visual experiences based on their lives and what they are accustomed to.

Classmate #3:

Three disorders that revolve around the focusing of the eye are nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. Nearsightedness is when an individual can see objects near to them clearly but objects that are far away become blurry. This happens when light rays bend to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina. Farsightedness occurs when your cornea is curved to little ad causes objects up close to blurry while those that are far away are clear. Astigmatism is a focusing disorder in which the cornea is irregularly shaped, and things look blurry for an individual at any distance. It can cause things to look wavy and it can be hereditary. It can be difficult to detect any of these focusing disorders because the symptoms can manifest in ways that may not seem related to vision, like headaches. Reading, watching television, and working on a computer all day can place a strain on an individual’s vision which can also contribute to headaches and complicate detecting vision problems.

Cultural and societal differences can play a factor on an individual’s vision. Aside from socioeconomic factors and access to appropriate medical care, vision can be impacted by the types of activities an individual does. A person who spends nearly all their time indoors utilizing electronic devices will have a different impact on their vision as opposed to an individual who spends all their time outdoors. Harsh environments such as a desert location versus a rainforest can also impact eye health and functionality. Extreme cold and heat, bright lights or very dark environments, all these different components can factor in and play a role in the development of vision. As with most things involving the body, aging also impacts vision and as we get older, there is the potential for our vision to decrease.

Minimum 200 words answer to each

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