2023 Respond to the following 2 posts utilizing atleast 2 APA referencing for each post Provide your own examples of situations

Respond to the following 2 posts utilizing atleast 2 APA referencing  for each post. Provide your own examples of situations in which you have had to discuss immunizations/vaccines. What suggestions might you provide your peers in terms of dealing with misinformation related to this topic? 

Post 1

 This discussion aims to elaborate based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention related to HPV guidelines and to answer accordingly regarding these 2 cases that I encountered today, and they schedule for the HPV vaccine. These 2 cases described as follows: One is a 27-year-old female. In taking her health history, you find that she is sexually active and had a splenectomy when 17. The second patient is an eleven-year-old female whose mother is concerned and wants to discuss the Vaccine further before consenting. She feels that by giving the child the Vaccine, she gives her permission to be sexually active.

HPV vaccination is a type of prevention for certain forms of cancer that can emerge later in individuals’ lives, those types of cancer could be: vaginal, penis, oral, anal, throat, head, and neck. There are two types of vaccines that would help prevent cancer types due to HPV that previously sexually transmitted. GARDASIL and GARDASIL 9, the difference is the Gardasil 9 is Gardasil (tetravalent 6,11,16,18) with a combination of 5 other types of HPV (31, 33, 45, 52). However, it is recommended to use 1 type for all three doses. Since, the approval in 2015 of Gardasil 9, it becomes the only HPV vaccine recommended In the USA (WebMD, 2020).

The Center for disease control and prevention in 2020 outlines those recommendations towards HPV Vaccine as Follows:
-Routine Vaccination for HPV is recommended to boys and girls age 11 to 12 and can start at age 9 in case of a history of sexual abuse or assault in Children.
-The HPV Vaccine is recommended to everyone age 26 who never have or did not complete their three doses of HPV Vaccines, can receive either two or three doses depending on the age of initiation.
-Vaccination is not recommended for an individual over 26 years old. Nevertheless, for individuals between 27 and 45, they can receive the Vaccine through their primary care provider after discussion if they have not received or completed the doses at an early age. After 27 years old, the effect of the Vaccine would be less, and the risk of exposure is already present.

Regarding the first case which is a 27-year-old female that is sexually active and had a splenectomy, there is no obligation to give HPV vaccine to her for two reasons: she is over 26, and she is sexually active, however after counseling regarding benefits and risks she can receive it today, maybe that will protect her for having new types of HPV but can not help her to prevent the types that she already been exposed.
It is crucial to take this opportunity to review her Vaccination record and to complete all necessary, with her asplenia, since she was 17-year-old.
She should receive an influenza vaccine each year for the flu. TDap Vaccine for whooping cough and tetanus, both type of pneumococcal Vaccine for pneumonia and pneumococcal disease. Meningococcal Vaccine to prevent meningitis. MMR and Varicella Vaccine if there is no immunity for mumps, measles and rubella, and Varicella.

The second case gives an excellent opportunity to discuss and educate the mother and the young girl regarding HPV Vaccine benefits and side effects. To help the mother understand that HPV Vaccine is recommended for girl 11-year-old who will be sexually active for HPV prevention. Only when an individual is going to be sexually active and can even protect her in case of sexual abuse or assault. Authorizing HPV vaccine to a teenager or a younger child (11-12 years old) is not a license to become sexually active; this type of Vaccine does not cover all sexually transmissible diseases such as (HIV, Herpes, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia, Hepatitis B and more). Remember, sexual acts request responsibilities related to pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, and other outcomes associated.

Post 2

 The advanced practiced registered nurse (APRN) is responsible for providing care to patients across the lifespan. The APRN should be knowledgable when providing care to adults and pediatric patients. The patient scenario presents with a 3-month-old child who is scheduled to receive immunizations, but the mother is refusing immunizations at the current visit.

Herd Immunity

            In providing care to patients, it is important for the APRN to be knowledgable regarding immunizations and the impact they have on an individuals health. Herd immunity offers protection to a population when an adequate number of people are immune to an infectious disease to prevent its spread (Virk & Samdarshi, 2020). In understanding the concept of herd immunity, it can help those who are not vaccinated from contracting an infectious disease. With that being said, infectious diseases are responsible for one-quarter of all deaths each year (Lim & Zhang, 2020). When herd immunity occurs, it will hopefully prevent the spread of a disease. However, this is not guaranteed. Therefore, the APRN should properly educate patients about the importance and safety of immunizations to patients. 

California Immunization Rate

            The state I currently reside in is California. California currently has a vaccination rate of 68.6% with a target goal of 80% (Increasing Vaccination Rates, 2020). This vaccination rate is relatively good for the state of California, given its high population. With that being said, it is important for all healthcare providers to continue to educate patients about vaccinations. In doing so, will help ensure more patients are vaccinated and help protect their lives. The APRN serves a role of educator, as well as, healthcare provider. 

Immunizations today or Leeway 

            For this specific patient scenario, there is some leeway that can offered to the mother. Since the patient is 3-months-old, there are no scheduled vaccines for this child at this time. The vaccination schedule for children are primarily given at birth, 1st and 2nd months, and then again at 4 months (Birth- 18 Years Immunization Schedule, 2020). Therefore, the APRN should educate the mother of the child that there is no need for immunizations today at her current 3 month check-up. However, the patient is scheduled for immunizations on her 4 month check-up. The APRN should properly educate the patients mother about the vaccination schedule and the importance of vaccinations moving forward.